The base of the formulation.
Usually helps with
Hydration
Draws moisture into the skin for hydration.
Usually helps with
Dryness, hydration
Active
Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate
A stable form of Vitamin C that brightens and protects against free radicals.
Usually helps with
Brightening, dark spots, antioxidant protection
Watch for
Can be less potent than L-Ascorbic Acid for some users.
Mimics skin's natural oils to moisturize and soften.
Usually helps with
Dryness, hydration, softening
Emollient
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
A skin-conditioning agent derived from coconut oil and glycerin.
Usually helps with
Emollience, skin conditioning
Emulsifier/Conditioning Agent
Bis-PEG-18 Methyl Ether Dimethyl Silane
Helps to blend oil and water and conditions the skin.
Usually helps with
Texture, skin conditioning
Emulsifier/Thickener
Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer
Helps to stabilize the formula and give it a smooth texture.
Usually helps with
Texture, formula stability
A plant-derived emollient that provides a smooth feel.
Usually helps with
Emollience, smooth texture
Humectant/Preservative Booster
Pentylene Glycol
Adds hydration and helps preserve the formula.
Usually helps with
Hydration, preservation
Emollient/Conditioning Agent
Phenyl Trimethicone
Provides a smooth, non-greasy feel and conditions the skin.
Usually helps with
Texture, skin conditioning
Watch for
Can feel slightly silicone-like to some users.
Antioxidant
Oxidized Glutathione
An antioxidant that helps protect skin from environmental damage.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection, brightening
Watch for
Less studied than other antioxidants.
A potent tyrosinase inhibitor that effectively fades dark spots and hyperpigmentation.
Usually helps with
Dark spots, hyperpigmentation, brightening
Watch for
Can be irritating for some sensitive skin types; start slowly.
A peptide that helps to reduce the appearance of dark spots by inhibiting melanin production.
Usually helps with
Dark spots, uneven tone
Skin Conditioning Agent
Hydrolyzed Brassica Napus Seedcake Extract
A derivative of rapeseed that can help condition the skin.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning
A key lipid that helps restore and maintain the skin's barrier function.
Usually helps with
Barrier repair, hydration, dry skin
Another essential ceramide that supports barrier function and skin hydration.
Usually helps with
Barrier repair, hydration, dry skin
A ceramide that plays a crucial role in the outermost layer of the skin's barrier.
Usually helps with
Barrier repair, hydration, dry skin
Vitamin E, an antioxidant that protects skin from oxidative stress.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection, skin conditioning
Humectant/Solvent
Butylene Glycol
A common ingredient that helps with hydration and formula texture.
Usually helps with
Hydration, texture
Emulsifier
Cetearyl Olivate
Derived from olive oil, it helps to emulsify and condition the skin.
Usually helps with
Emulsification, skin conditioning
Emollient
Coco-Caprylate/Caprate
A light, natural emollient that conditions the skin.
Usually helps with
Emollience, skin conditioning
Emulsifier
Sorbitan Olivate
Another emulsifier derived from olive oil, it helps create a stable emulsion.
Usually helps with
Emulsification, formula stability
Preservative Booster/Skin Conditioning
Ethylhexylglycerin
Enhances preservation and conditions the skin.
Usually helps with
Preservation, skin conditioning
Helps to mix oil and water ingredients.
Usually helps with
Formula stability
Watch for
Can be a mild irritant for some.
A common thickening agent that improves product texture.
Usually helps with
Texture
Emollient/Film Former
Dilinoleic Acid/Butanediol Copolymer
Helps to condition the skin and form a light film.
Usually helps with
Emollience, skin conditioning
Thickener
Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer
A polymer used to thicken formulations.
Usually helps with
Texture
Emollient/Skin Conditioning
Cholesterol
A lipid that helps support the skin barrier and improve hydration.
Usually helps with
Barrier support, hydration
Active/Skin Conditioning
Phytosphingosine
A lipid that is a component of the skin's natural barrier, helping to repair and soothe.
Usually helps with
Barrier repair, soothing
Soothing Agent
Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate
Derived from licorice root, it has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.
Usually helps with
Soothing, calming irritation
Emulsifier
Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate
A gentle emulsifier derived from lactic acid and lauric acid.
Usually helps with
Emulsification, gentle formulation
A widely used thickening agent.
Usually helps with
Texture
pH Adjuster
Sodium Hydroxide
Used to adjust the pH of the formulation for optimal stability and efficacy.
Usually helps with
Formula stability
Watch for
Can be irritating in high concentrations.
Chelating Agent
Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate
Helps to improve the stability and performance of the product.
Usually helps with
Formula stability
Emulsifier
Sorbitan Isostearate
An emulsifier that helps blend oil and water.
Usually helps with
Emulsification
Film Former/Emollient
Castor Oil/IPDI Copolymer
Contributes to the texture and feel of the product on the skin.
Usually helps with
Texture, emollience
Preservative
Sodium Benzoate
A common preservative.
Usually helps with
Preservation
Watch for
Can cause irritation in sensitive individuals.
Preservative
Potassium Sorbate
A common preservative.
Usually helps with
Preservation
Preservative
Phenoxyethanol
A widely used preservative.
Usually helps with
Preservation
Watch for
Can be a skin irritant for some.