The base of the formulation, dissolving other ingredients.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Draws moisture into the skin, keeping it hydrated and supple.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry
Emollient
Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate
Softens and smooths the skin, helping to prevent water loss.
Usually helps with
Dry, normal skin
Watch for
Can be heavy for very oily skin
Humectant/Solvent
Propanediol
A hydrating ingredient that also helps to dissolve other components.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Thickener
Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate
Gives the product its texture and consistency.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Helps to mix oil and water-based ingredients. Can sometimes cause irritation for very sensitive skin.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Potential for irritation in highly sensitive individuals
Antioxidant
Inonotus Obliquus Extract/Mushroom Extract
Contains antioxidants that help protect skin from environmental damage.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Humectant
Tremella Fuciformis Polysaccharide
A hydrating ingredient known for its ability to hold moisture, similar to hyaluronic acid.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry
pH Adjuster/Exfoliant
Citric Acid
Used in small amounts to adjust pH. Can have mild exfoliating properties.
Usually helps with
Most skin types (at low concentrations)
Watch for
Can cause irritation or stinging at higher concentrations or for sensitive skin
Humectant
Sodium Hyaluronate
A form of hyaluronic acid that attracts and retains moisture in the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry
Chelating Agent
Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate
Helps to stabilize the formula by binding to metal ions.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Antioxidant/Soothing Agent
Withania Somnifera Root Extract
Also known as Ashwagandha, it has antioxidant and calming properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially stressed or sensitive
Skin Conditioning Agent
Niacinamide
A versatile ingredient that can help improve skin barrier function, reduce redness, and minimize the appearance of pores.
Usually helps with
Most skin types, especially acne-prone or sensitive
Watch for
Some individuals may experience flushing or irritation, especially at higher concentrations.
Humectant/Soothing Agent
Panthenol
A form of Vitamin B5 that hydrates, soothes, and helps repair the skin barrier.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry or irritated
A form of Vitamin E that helps protect the skin from free radical damage.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient/Soothing Agent
Avena Sativa Kernel Oil/Oat Kernel Oil
Rich in lipids and antioxidants, it helps to nourish and soothe the skin, supporting the skin barrier.
Usually helps with
Dry, sensitive, irritated skin
Skin Replenishing
Ceramide Np
A type of lipid that is a natural component of the skin barrier, helping to restore and maintain hydration.
Usually helps with
Dry, compromised, aging skin
Humectant/Preservative Booster
Caprylyl Glycol
A skin-conditioning agent that also helps preserve the product.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A mild surfactant that helps create lather and cleanse the skin. Can be irritating for some.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Potential for irritation in very sensitive skin
A very mild, plant-derived surfactant that creates a gentle lather.
Usually helps with
All skin types, including sensitive
Preservative Booster/Skin Conditioning
Ethylhexylglycerin
Enhances the effectiveness of preservatives and has skin-conditioning properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A natural sugar that helps attract and retain moisture.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emulsifier/Emollient
Glyceryl Oleate
Helps to mix oil and water, and also softens the skin.
Usually helps with
Dry, normal skin
Emulsifier/Emollient
Glyceryl Stearate
Helps to stabilize the formula and provides emollient properties.
Usually helps with
Dry, normal skin
Emollient/Opacifier
Glycol Distearate
Provides a smooth feel and gives the product an opaque appearance.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Viscosity Adjuster
Sodium Chloride
Used to thicken the product.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Provides a natural color to the product.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A preservative that helps prevent microbial growth. Can be irritating for some.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Potential for irritation in sensitive skin
Preservative
Chlorphenesin
A preservative that helps prevent bacterial growth. Can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in some.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Potential for irritation or allergic reactions
Preservative
Potassium Sorbate
A common preservative that inhibits the growth of mold and yeast.
Usually helps with
All skin types