The base of most skincare formulations, used to dissolve other ingredients.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Draws moisture into the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and plump.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry and dehydrated
Emollient
Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter
A rich emollient known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to soften skin and reduce water loss.
Usually helps with
Dry, normal, and mature skin
Watch for
Can be too heavy for very oily or acne-prone skin
Emollient
C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate
An emollient that helps to soften and smooth the skin, and can also act as a solvent for UV filters.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Can be comedogenic for some acne-prone individuals
Humectant/Solvent
Propanediol
A versatile ingredient that helps to hydrate the skin and improve the texture of formulations.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient/Film Former
Polysilicone-11
Provides a smooth, silky feel and can help to blur the appearance of fine lines and pores.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Some individuals prefer to avoid silicones
Emollient
C10-18 Triglycerides
A blend of fatty acids that helps to moisturize and condition the skin.
Usually helps with
Dry and normal skin
Emollient
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
A lightweight emollient derived from coconut oil and glycerin, known for its skin-conditioning properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient
Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate
A synthetic emollient that helps to soften and smooth the skin.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Emulsifier/Emollient
Cetearyl Olivate
Derived from olive oil, it helps to blend oil and water in formulations and has moisturizing properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry and sensitive
Emulsifier/Emollient
Sorbitan Olivate
Also derived from olive oil, it works with Cetearyl Olivate to create a stable emulsion and condition the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry and sensitive
Emollient/Emulsifier
Cetyl Alcohol
A fatty alcohol that helps to soften and condition the skin, and stabilize formulations. It is not drying like some other alcohols.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Can cause irritation in very sensitive individuals
Preservative
Phenoxyethanol
A common preservative used to prevent microbial growth in cosmetic products.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be irritating for some sensitive individuals at higher concentrations
Active/Skin-Replenishing
Ceramide NP
A key component of the skin barrier, ceramides help to retain moisture, prevent irritation, and keep skin smooth and plump.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry, sensitive, and aging
Thickener/Emulsifier
Polyacrylate-13
A synthetic polymer used to thicken formulations and improve texture.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Emollient/Viscosity Agent
Hydrogenated Polyisobutene
A synthetic emollient that provides a smooth feel and helps to improve product texture.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Preservative Booster/Emollient
Ethylhexylglycerin
A skin-conditioning agent and preservative booster that can also improve the feel of the product.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emulsifier
Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate
A gentle emulsifier derived from glycerin and lauric acid, used to mix oil and water components.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient
Ethylhexyl Palmitate
An emollient that can provide a smooth feel, but may be comedogenic for some.
Usually helps with
Normal to dry skin
Watch for
Can clog pores for acne-prone individuals
Surfactant/Emulsifier
Laureth-12
A non-ionic surfactant that helps to emulsify ingredients. It's a derivative of polyethylene glycol (PEG).
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Can be irritating for some sensitive individuals; concerns about PEG derivatives
Emulsifier
Sorbitan Isostearate
An emulsifier that helps to blend oil and water ingredients in a formulation.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Film Former/Texturizer
HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer
A synthetic polymer that can provide a blurring effect and improve the texture of the product.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Film Former/Texturizer
Polymethylsilsesquioxane
A silicone-based ingredient that can give a matte finish and a smooth feel, often used for its blurring properties.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Some individuals prefer to avoid silicones
pH Adjuster/Exfoliant
Citric Acid
An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) used to adjust the pH of formulations. In higher concentrations, it can provide mild exfoliation.
Usually helps with
Most skin types (at low concentrations)
Watch for
Can cause irritation or sensitivity, especially at higher concentrations or on sensitive skin