Solvent
Water / Aqua / Eau
The base of the formulation, dissolving other ingredients.
Usually helps with
Hydration
Emollient
Dicaprylyl Carbonate
Softens and smooths the skin, improving texture.
Usually helps with
Dryness, texture
Watch for
Can be comedogenic for some
Active
Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate
Addresses uneven skin tone, brightens, and improves the look of dark spots and redness without irritation.
Usually helps with
Dark spots, uneven tone, redness, hyperpigmentation
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated
Helps bind ingredients together.
Usually helps with
Formulation stability
Attracts moisture to the skin and acts as a preservative booster.
Usually helps with
Hydration, preservation
Watch for
Can be irritating in high concentrations
Draws moisture into the skin, improving hydration.
Usually helps with
Hydration
Soothing Agent
Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract
Soothes the skin, reduces redness, and helps prevent dryness.
Usually helps with
Redness, irritation, dryness
Soothing Agent
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice
Hydrates and soothes the skin, with anti-inflammatory properties.
Usually helps with
Hydration, soothing, inflammation
Soothing Agent
Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate (Licorice Root Extract)
Delivers soothing properties and visibly brightens the skin.
Usually helps with
Soothing, brightening, redness
Humectant
Sodium Hyaluronate
A form of hyaluronic acid that draws moisture to the skin, plumping and hydrating.
Usually helps with
Hydration, plumping
A form of Vitamin B5 that hydrates, soothes, and aids in skin barrier repair.
Usually helps with
Hydration, barrier support, soothing
Antioxidant
Hydroxyacetophenone
A skin-soothing antioxidant that also helps preserve the formula.
Usually helps with
Soothing, preservation
An Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) that exfoliates the skin's surface, improving texture and tone.
Usually helps with
Exfoliation, texture, tone
Watch for
Can increase sun sensitivity; potential for irritation
Helps prevent microbial growth in the product.
Usually helps with
Preservation
Watch for
Can be irritating in high concentrations
Used to adjust the pH of the product.
Usually helps with
Formulation stability
Watch for
Can be irritating at high concentrations
A salt of lactic acid that helps to hydrate the skin.
Usually helps with
Hydration
Chelating Agent
Sodium Gluconate
Helps to stabilize the formula by binding to metal ions.
Usually helps with
Formulation stability
A plant-derived gum used to thicken the product.
Usually helps with
Texture
Emulsifier
Polyglyceryl-2 Stearate
Helps to mix oil and water ingredients.
Usually helps with
Formulation stability
A common thickening agent derived from fermented sugar.
Usually helps with
Texture
Emulsifier
Glyceryl Stearate
Helps to mix oil and water ingredients, and acts as an emollient.
Usually helps with
Emollience, formulation stability
A fatty alcohol that softens and smooths the skin.
Usually helps with
Emollience, texture