The base of the formula, dissolving other ingredients.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A skin-identical lipid that hydrates, softens, and prevents water loss without feeling heavy.
Usually helps with
Dryness, dehydration, all skin types
Emollient
Ethylhexyl Palmitate
An emollient that can provide a smooth feel but may be comedogenic for some acne-prone individuals.
Usually helps with
Dryness, normal skin
Watch for
Potential for clogged pores in acne-prone skin
A classic humectant that draws moisture to the skin, keeping it hydrated and supple.
Usually helps with
All skin types, dehydration
Humectant/Solvent
Butylene Glycol
A common ingredient that helps with hydration and improves product texture.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A multi-tasking ingredient that brightens, reduces inflammation, improves barrier function, and minimizes the appearance of pores and fine lines.
Usually helps with
Dullness, uneven tone, redness, pores, fine lines
Watch for
Can cause temporary flushing or irritation in very sensitive individuals at higher concentrations.
Humectant/Preservative Booster
Pentylene Glycol
A humectant that also aids in preservative efficacy and improves skin feel.
Usually helps with
All skin types, dehydration
Exfoliant/Humectant
Gluconolactone
A PHA that offers gentle exfoliation and humectant properties, suitable for sensitive skin.
Usually helps with
Dullness, texture, dehydration, sensitive skin
Watch for
Can increase sun sensitivity; always use SPF.
Humectant
Xylitylglucoside
A derivative of xylitol that enhances skin's ability to retain moisture.
Usually helps with
Dehydration, all skin types
A component of the skin's natural moisturizing factor (NMF), it attracts and holds moisture.
Usually helps with
Dehydration, all skin types
Active (Peptide)
Nicotiana Benthamiana Hexapeptide-40 Sh-Polypeptide-2
A synthetic peptide designed to mimic growth factors, potentially supporting skin repair and rejuvenation.
Usually helps with
Aging skin, firmness, texture
Humectant
Sodium Hyaluronate
A salt form of hyaluronic acid that attracts and holds significant amounts of water, providing hydration and plumping.
Usually helps with
Dehydration, all skin types
Works with xylitol to improve skin's moisture barrier and reduce water loss.
Usually helps with
Dehydration, all skin types
Humectant
Hydroxypropyltrimonium Hyaluronate
A derivative of hyaluronic acid that binds to the skin and provides sustained hydration.
Usually helps with
Dehydration, all skin types
Antioxidant/Preservative Booster
Hydroxyacetophenone
A soothing antioxidant that also helps boost the effectiveness of preservatives.
Usually helps with
All skin types, sensitivity
A sugar alcohol that helps increase skin's water content and strengthen the barrier.
Usually helps with
Dehydration, all skin types
Surfactant/Emulsifier
Heptyl Glucoside
A mild, plant-derived surfactant and emulsifier that helps blend oil and water phases.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Preservative
Sodium Benzoate
A common preservative that prevents microbial growth.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be irritating for some, especially in high concentrations or when combined with acidic ingredients.
pH Adjuster
Sodium Hydroxide
Used to adjust the pH of the product to be skin-friendly.
Usually helps with
All skin types
pH Adjuster/Chelating Agent
Sodium Citrate
Helps to buffer and adjust the pH, and can also help stabilize the formula.
Usually helps with
All skin types
pH Adjuster/Exfoliant
Citric Acid
Used to adjust pH and can offer mild exfoliation.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can increase sun sensitivity; always use SPF.
Thickener/Absorbent
Silica Dimethyl Silylate
A thickening agent that can also help absorb excess oil.
Usually helps with
Oily skin, texture improvement
A simple sugar that can help attract and retain moisture.
Usually helps with
Dehydration, all skin types
Skin Conditioning Agent
Calcium Gluconate
A mineral salt that can help condition the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Preservative
Phenoxyethanol
A widely used preservative to prevent bacterial contamination.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be irritating for some individuals, particularly around the eyes.