A chemical sunscreen agent that absorbs UVA rays.
Usually helps with
Broad-spectrum UV protection
Watch for
Can degrade when exposed to UV light without stabilizing agents.
A chemical sunscreen agent that absorbs UVB rays.
Usually helps with
UVB protection
Watch for
Concerns about endocrine disruption.
A chemical sunscreen agent that absorbs UVB rays.
Usually helps with
UVB protection
Watch for
Can enhance the penetration of other ingredients.
A chemical sunscreen agent that absorbs UVB and some UVA rays, and helps stabilize Avobenzone.
Usually helps with
UVB and UVA protection, photostabilization
Watch for
Potential for skin irritation and environmental concerns.
The base solvent for most skincare formulations.
Usually helps with
Hydration
A solvent and humectant that can improve skin hydration and product texture.
Usually helps with
Hydration, texture enhancement
Derived from coconut oil, it helps to soften and smooth the skin.
Usually helps with
Emollience, skin conditioning
UV Filter
Butyloctyl Salicylate
A chemical sunscreen agent that absorbs UVB rays.
Usually helps with
UVB protection
Emulsifier
Glyceryl Stearate
An emulsifier that helps blend oil and water components, and acts as an emollient.
Usually helps with
Emulsification, skin conditioning
Emulsifier
PEG-100 Stearate
A polyethylene glycol derivative used as an emulsifier and surfactant.
Usually helps with
Emulsification
Watch for
Can be irritating for some sensitive skin types; concerns about contamination with 1,4-dioxane.
A fatty acid that acts as an emollient and emulsifying agent.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning, emulsification
Antioxidant
Chlorella Vulgaris Extract
A type of algae extract rich in antioxidants and nutrients, potentially offering skin-rejuvenating benefits.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection, skin rejuvenation
A natural moisturizing factor that helps skin retain moisture and can gently exfoliate.
Usually helps with
Hydration, exfoliation
Watch for
Can cause stinging at higher concentrations or on compromised skin.
Skin-Conditioning Agent
Yeast Amino Acids
Amino acids derived from yeast, known for their moisturizing and skin-conditioning properties.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning, hydration
A sugar that helps skin retain moisture and protects it from dehydration.
Usually helps with
Hydration, protection
Skin-Conditioning Agent
Inositol
A carbohydrate that helps improve skin hydration and barrier function.
Usually helps with
Hydration, skin conditioning
An amino sulfonic acid that acts as an antioxidant and helps protect skin cells.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection, cell support
A sugar beet-derived ingredient that hydrates and protects the skin.
Usually helps with
Hydration, skin conditioning
A component of chamomile oil known for its anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.
Usually helps with
Soothing, calming irritation
Known for its soothing, moisturizing, and skin-protecting properties.
Usually helps with
Soothing, healing, moisturizing
A provitamin of B5 that hydrates, soothes, and helps improve skin barrier function.
Usually helps with
Hydration, soothing, barrier support
A component of the skin's natural moisturizing factor (NMF), it attracts and holds moisture.
Usually helps with
Hydration
Antioxidant
Tocopheryl Acetate
A form of Vitamin E that acts as an antioxidant, protecting skin from free radical damage.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection
Watch for
Can be less stable and effective than pure tocopherol.
A widely used humectant that draws water into the skin, keeping it hydrated.
Usually helps with
Hydration
An Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) that exfoliates the skin, improves texture, and can help with hydration.
Usually helps with
Exfoliation, hydration, texture improvement
Watch for
Can increase sun sensitivity; potential for irritation.
Preservative
Ethylhexylglycerin
A preservative that also has emollient properties.
Usually helps with
Preservation, skin conditioning
Watch for
Can cause skin irritation in some individuals.
A fatty acid that acts as an emollient and emulsifier.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning, emulsification
A fatty alcohol that acts as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener.
Usually helps with
Emollience, texture enhancement
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated, but can be comedogenic for some.
Thickener
Magnesium Aluminum Silicate
A mineral-derived thickener and stabilizer.
Usually helps with
Texture enhancement, stabilization
A polysaccharide used as a thickening and stabilizing agent.
Usually helps with
Texture enhancement, stabilization
A plant-derived polysaccharide used as a texturizer and thickener.
Usually helps with
Texture enhancement
A derivative of cellulose used as a thickening and binding agent.
Usually helps with
Texture enhancement, stabilization
A phospholipid that acts as an emulsifier and skin-conditioning agent.
Usually helps with
Emulsification, skin conditioning
Preservative
Caprylhydroxamic Acid
A preservative that helps prevent microbial growth.
Usually helps with
Preservation
Watch for
Can be irritating for some sensitive skin types.
Chelating Agent
Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate
A chelating agent that helps improve the stability and efficacy of the product.
Usually helps with
Product stabilization
pH Adjuster
Aminomethyl Propanol
Used to adjust the pH of the formulation.
Usually helps with
pH balancing
Watch for
Can be irritating for some individuals.
pH Adjuster
Sodium Citrate
A salt of citric acid used to adjust pH and as a chelating agent.
Usually helps with
pH balancing, stabilization
An alpha hydroxy acid used to adjust pH and as an antioxidant.
Usually helps with
pH balancing, antioxidant
Watch for
Can increase sun sensitivity at higher concentrations.
Preservative
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate
A natural preservative derived from fermented radish root.
Usually helps with
Preservation
Vitamin E, a potent antioxidant that protects skin from free radical damage.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection
UV Filter
Titanium Dioxide
A mineral sunscreen agent that provides broad-spectrum UV protection. Often used in combination with chemical filters.
Usually helps with
Broad-spectrum UV protection
Watch for
Can leave a white cast if not formulated properly; concerns about nanoparticle safety (though generally considered safe for topical use).
A fatty acid that acts as an emollient.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning
A fatty acid that acts as an emollient and emulsifier.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning, emulsification
A fatty acid that acts as an emollient and surfactant.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning, cleansing
Preservative
Chlorphenesin
A preservative used to prevent microbial contamination.
Usually helps with
Preservation
Watch for
Can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals.
Preservative
Sodium Benzoate
A common preservative that inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi.
Usually helps with
Preservation
Watch for
Can form benzene in the presence of ascorbic acid and UV light; potential for irritation.
Fragrance Ingredient
Tetramethyl Acetyloctahydronaphthalenes
A synthetic fragrance compound.
Usually helps with
Fragrance
Watch for
Potential allergen and irritant for sensitive skin.
Fragrance Ingredient
Linalyl Acetate
A synthetic fragrance compound with a floral scent.
Usually helps with
Fragrance
Watch for
Potential allergen and irritant for sensitive skin.
Fragrance Ingredient
Citronellol
A naturally occurring fragrance compound found in essential oils, used for its floral scent.
Usually helps with
Fragrance
Watch for
Potential allergen and irritant for sensitive skin.
Fragrance Ingredient
Fragrance (Parfum)
A complex mixture of scent ingredients, which can include natural and synthetic compounds.
Watch for
Common cause of skin irritation and allergic reactions, especially for sensitive skin.
Colorant
Iron Oxides (CI 77492
Mineral pigments used to provide color to the product.
Usually helps with
Coloration
Formula support
Cetyl Phosphate
Included in the source ingredient list. Glass treats this as part of the supporting formula unless it overlaps with a known active, preservative, or fragrance flag.
Usually helps with
Formula completeness and routine context
Watch for
Personal sensitivity, especially if your skin is reactive or the ingredient overlaps with other products in your routine