The base of the formulation.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A moisturizing ingredient derived from sugar beets that helps retain water.
Usually helps with
Dry, sensitive skin
Exfoliant (PHA)
Gluconolactone
A polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that exfoliates gently and has humectant properties, making it less irritating than AHAs.
Usually helps with
Sensitive, dry skin
Watch for
Can cause mild tingling
A common and effective humectant that draws moisture to the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Humectant/Solvent
Butylene Glycol
A humectant that also helps to improve product texture.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Solvent/Humectant
Dipropylene Glycol
A solvent that can also act as a humectant, though it can be a mild irritant for some.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Potential for mild irritation in very sensitive individuals
Humectant/Exfoliant
Sodium Lactate
A salt of lactic acid, it acts as a humectant and can provide mild exfoliation.
Usually helps with
Dry skin
Emollient/Humectant
Glycereth-26
A moisturizing agent that provides a smooth feel.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Vitamin B3 helps improve skin tone, reduce inflammation, and strengthen the skin barrier.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially acne-prone and sensitive
Watch for
Can cause flushing or irritation in high concentrations for some
Solvent
Dimethyl Isosorbide
A solvent that can enhance the penetration of other ingredients.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Used to adjust the pH of the formulation.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Probiotic Extract
Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate
A byproduct of fermented bacteria, it can help support the skin's microbiome and barrier function.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially sensitive
Humectant/Preservative Booster
1,2-Hexanediol
A humectant and preservative booster that also has antimicrobial properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Antioxidant/Soothing
Caffeine
Can help reduce redness and puffiness, and has antioxidant properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient
Diethoxyethyl Succinate
An emollient that helps to soften and smooth the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Antioxidant
Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract
Extract from blueberries, rich in antioxidants.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Soothing/Moisturizing
Allantoin
Soothes and protects the skin, promoting healing.
Usually helps with
Sensitive, irritated skin
Thickener/Humectant
Dextrin
A carbohydrate that can help thicken formulations and provide some hydration.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Humectant/Solvent
Propanediol
A humectant that also acts as a solvent and can improve the feel of the product.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A gelling agent derived from fruit.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Source of Glycolic Acid
Saccharum Officinarum (Sugarcane) Extract
A natural source of glycolic acid, an AHA that exfoliates the skin.
Usually helps with
Dull skin, uneven texture
Watch for
Can cause stinging or irritation, especially for sensitive skin or when overused
Exfoliant (BHA)
Salicylic Acid
A beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) that penetrates pores to exfoliate and help with acne and blackheads.
Usually helps with
Oily, acne-prone skin
Watch for
Can be drying or irritating, especially for dry or sensitive skin
Chelating Agent
Sodium Gluconate
A chelating agent that helps stabilize the formula.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Probiotic Extract
Sphingomonas Ferment Extract
A microbial extract that can help support the skin's barrier function and hydration.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Exfoliant (AHA)
Lactic Acid
An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that exfoliates the surface of the skin, improving texture and hydration.
Usually helps with
Dry, dull skin
Watch for
Can cause stinging or irritation, especially for sensitive skin
Exfoliant (AHA)
Glycolic Acid
A potent alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that exfoliates deeply, improving texture and tone.
Usually helps with
Dull skin, uneven texture
Watch for
Can cause stinging, redness, and increased sun sensitivity
Preservative Booster/Emollient
Ethylhexylglycerin
A skin-conditioning agent and preservative booster.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A common thickening agent.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Antioxidant/Fragrance
Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract
Contains antioxidants but can also be a source of fragrance and potential photosensitivity.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Potential for photosensitivity and irritation in sensitive skin
Antioxidant/Fragrance
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract
Contains antioxidants but can also be a source of fragrance and potential photosensitivity.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Potential for photosensitivity and irritation in sensitive skin
Encapsulation Agent
Cyclodextrin
Used to encapsulate and stabilize ingredients.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Film Former/Thickener
Acrylates/Stearyl Methacrylate Copolymer
Helps to create a smooth film on the skin and thicken the formula.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Humectant
Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid
A smaller molecule form of hyaluronic acid that can penetrate deeper into the skin for hydration.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dehydrated
Humectant
Tremella Fuciformis Sporocarp Extract
A mushroom extract known for its hydrating properties, often compared to hyaluronic acid.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry
A powerful humectant that draws moisture to the skin, plumping and hydrating.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dehydrated
Source of AHAs
Acer Saccharum (Sugar Maple) Extract
Contains natural alpha-hydroxy acids that help exfoliate the skin.
Usually helps with
Dull skin, uneven texture
Watch for
Can cause stinging or irritation, especially for sensitive skin or when overused
An enzyme that helps break down dead skin cells, offering a gentle form of exfoliation.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Can cause mild irritation in sensitive individuals
Viscosity Adjuster
Calcium Chloride
Used to adjust the viscosity of the product.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Skin-Replenishing
Ceramide NP
A type of ceramide that helps to restore and maintain the skin's natural barrier.
Usually helps with
Dry, compromised skin
A potent antioxidant that can help protect skin from environmental damage and brighten the complexion.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Humectant
Polyglutamic Acid
A humectant that can hold more water than hyaluronic acid, providing intense hydration.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry
Humectant
Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer-6
A cross-linked form of hyaluronic acid that provides long-lasting hydration and forms a protective film.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emulsifier/Skin Conditioning
Glyceryl Caprylate
A skin-conditioning agent and emulsifier.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Skin Conditioning
Hydrolyzed DNA
A form of DNA that can help condition and moisturize the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types