A chemical sunscreen ingredient that absorbs UVA rays. It can be photounstable on its own, but is often stabilized with other ingredients.
Usually helps with
UVA protection
Watch for
Potential for photounstable degradation if not formulated correctly
A chemical sunscreen ingredient that absorbs UVB rays. Concerns have been raised about its potential endocrine-disrupting properties.
Usually helps with
UVB protection
Watch for
Potential endocrine disruption
A chemical sunscreen ingredient that absorbs UVB rays. It is generally considered safe and effective.
Usually helps with
UVB protection
Watch for
None significant
A chemical sunscreen ingredient that absorbs UVB and some UVA rays. It can also help stabilize other UV filters like Avobenzone. Concerns exist regarding its potential for skin sensitization and environmental impact.
Usually helps with
UVB and some UVA protection, stabilizer
Watch for
Potential skin sensitization, environmental concerns
The base for many skincare formulations, providing hydration.
Usually helps with
Hydration
A popular humectant that draws water into the skin, helping to maintain hydration and improve skin barrier function.
Usually helps with
Hydration, skin barrier support
A synthetic emollient that provides a smooth, non-greasy feel on the skin. It helps to improve spreadability.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning, texture enhancement
A solvent and humectant that can help improve the penetration of other ingredients and provide hydration.
Usually helps with
Hydration, solvent
Film Former
C12-22 Alkyl Acrylate/Hydroxyethylacrylate Copolymer
A polymer used to form a film on the skin, which can help with water resistance and texture.
Usually helps with
Film formation, texture
Watch for
Can sometimes feel tight on the skin
A form of Vitamin E, it's an antioxidant that helps protect the skin from free radical damage caused by environmental stressors.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection
Watch for
Can be less stable than other antioxidants
Emulsifier
Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate
A mild emulsifier that helps to blend oil and water phases in a formulation.
Usually helps with
Emulsification
A humectant and solvent that helps to improve the texture of formulations and can aid in ingredient penetration.
Usually helps with
Hydration, solvent
Emollient
Cetearyl Alcohol
A fatty alcohol that acts as an emollient and thickener, helping to soften and smooth the skin.
Usually helps with
Emollient, thickening
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated, but can cause irritation in very sensitive individuals
A natural gum used as a thickener and stabilizer in cosmetic formulations.
Usually helps with
Thickening, stabilization
Antioxidant
Hydroxyacetophenone
A synthetic antioxidant that helps protect the skin from oxidative stress.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection
A humectant that also has antimicrobial properties, helping to preserve the formulation.
Usually helps with
Hydration, preservation
Absorbent
Sodium Starch Octenylsuccinate
A modified starch that can help absorb excess oil and improve the texture of the product.
Usually helps with
Oil absorption, texture enhancement
Emulsifier
Glyceryl Stearate
An emulsifier and emollient derived from glycerin and stearic acid, helping to create stable emulsions and condition the skin.
Usually helps with
Emulsification, skin conditioning
Esters derived from jojoba oil, providing emollient properties and improving skin feel.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning, emollient
Emollient
Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Wax
A plant-derived wax that acts as an emollient and texturizer, contributing to the product's feel.
Usually helps with
Emollient, texture
Thickener
Hydroxypropyl Starch Phosphate
A modified starch used as a thickener and stabilizer in formulations.
Usually helps with
Thickening, stabilization
Chelating Agent
Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate
A chelating agent that helps to improve the stability and performance of the formulation by binding to metal ions.
Usually helps with
Stabilization
A thickening agent used to create gels and improve the texture of formulations. Can sometimes cause a slight tightening sensation.
Usually helps with
Thickening, texture
Watch for
Can cause a tightening sensation
A salt of lactic acid, it's a humectant that helps to hydrate the skin.
Usually helps with
Hydration
pH Adjuster
Sodium Hydroxide
Used to adjust the pH of the formulation. In small amounts, it's safe, but high concentrations can be irritating.
Usually helps with
pH adjustment
Watch for
Can be irritating in high concentrations
A synthetic emulsifier and surfactant. Can be a skin irritant for some individuals.
Usually helps with
Emulsification
Watch for
Potential for skin irritation
A type of polyglycerin that acts as an emollient and skin-conditioning agent.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning, emollient
Peptide
Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1
A peptide that signals the skin to repair itself and stimulates collagen production, helping to improve skin firmness and reduce wrinkles.
Usually helps with
Anti-aging, collagen support
Peptide
Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7
A peptide that helps to reduce inflammation and the production of certain interleukins, which can contribute to skin aging.
Usually helps with
Anti-aging, inflammation reduction