The primary ingredient in most skincare, acting as a base for other components.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient/Occlusive
Dimethicone
A silicone that provides a smooth feel and helps to create a barrier on the skin, reducing water loss.
Usually helps with
Most skin types, especially dry
Watch for
Can feel heavy on very oily skin; some prefer to avoid silicones.
A common and effective humectant that draws moisture from the air into the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Solvent/Humectant
Propanediol
A plant-derived ingredient that helps to dissolve other ingredients and also attracts moisture to the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient
Diphenylsiloxy Phenyl Trimethicone
A silicone derivative that provides a smooth, non-greasy feel and can help improve product spreadability.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Silicones can be a concern for some individuals.
Humectant
Glyceryl Glucoside
A molecule that helps to improve skin hydration and barrier function by promoting aquaporin synthesis.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry
Emulsifier/Thickener
Dimethicone/PEG-15 Crosspolymer
A silicone-based ingredient that helps to stabilize the formula and provide a smooth texture.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Silicones can be a concern for some individuals.
Antioxidant
Spirulina Maxima Extract
An extract from blue-green algae rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, known for its anti-aging properties and ability to combat digital aging.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially aging or environmentally stressed skin
Peptide
Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7
A signaling peptide that helps to reduce inflammation and promote collagen production, contributing to firmer skin.
Usually helps with
Aging skin, skin concerned with inflammation
Watch for
Peptides are generally well-tolerated.
Antioxidant/Soothing
Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract
Contains antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory properties, helping to soothe skin and protect against damage.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be a potential irritant for very sensitive skin in high concentrations.
Soothing/Anti-inflammatory
Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract
Known for its calming and healing properties, it helps to soothe irritated skin.
Usually helps with
Sensitive, irritated skin
Antioxidant
Tocopheryl Acetate
A form of Vitamin E that provides antioxidant protection against free radical damage.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be comedogenic for some acne-prone individuals.
Pure Vitamin E, a potent antioxidant that protects skin from environmental damage.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be comedogenic for some acne-prone individuals.
Humectant
Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid
A smaller molecular weight form of hyaluronic acid that can penetrate the skin more effectively to provide hydration.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dehydrated
Preservative/Emollient
Ethylhexylglycerin
A preservative that also has emollient properties, helping to condition the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be a mild irritant for some.
Emollient/Film Former
Polysilicone-11
A silicone that provides a smooth feel and can help form a protective barrier on the skin.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Silicones can be a concern for some individuals.
Emulsifier/Skin-Conditioning Agent
Lecithin
A natural phospholipid that helps to emulsify ingredients and can improve skin barrier function.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Antioxidant/Anti-inflammatory
Chrysin
A flavonoid found in passionflower, known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help with bruising and dark circles.
Usually helps with
Skin with inflammation, dark circles
Watch for
Can be a potential irritant for very sensitive skin.
Emulsifier
Lauryl PEG-9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone
A silicone-based emulsifier used to blend oil and water ingredients in the formula.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Silicones can be a concern for some individuals.
Viscosity Adjuster
Sodium Chloride
Salt, used to adjust the thickness of the product.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Viscosity Adjuster/Emulsifier
Disteardimonium Hectorite
A clay-derived ingredient used to thicken the formula and improve texture.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Humectant/Exfoliant (in high concentrations)
Sucrose
Sugar, acts as a humectant to draw moisture to the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Buffering Agent
Sodium Citrate
A salt of citric acid used to adjust the pH of the product.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Fragrance
Parfum/Fragrance
Adds scent to the product. Can be a common cause of skin irritation and allergic reactions.
Watch for
Potential irritant for sensitive, reactive, or allergy-prone skin.
Solvent/Preservative
1,2-Hexanediol
A multifunctional ingredient used as a solvent and preservative booster.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can cause mild irritation in some individuals.
Fragrance Ingredient/Solvent
Triethyl Citrate
A derivative of citric acid used as a solvent and sometimes as a fragrance component. Can have mild skin conditioning properties.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Potential irritant for very sensitive skin.
Solvent
Dipropylene Glycol
A solvent that helps to dissolve other ingredients and can improve product texture. It is a type of glycol ether.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Can be irritating for some individuals, especially in high concentrations.
Humectant/Preservative
Pentylene Glycol
A humectant that helps to hydrate the skin and also acts as a preservative booster.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated.
Chelating Agent
Disodium EDTA
Helps to improve the stability and performance of the product by binding to metal ions.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Preservative
Phenoxyethanol
A common preservative used to prevent microbial growth in cosmetics. It can be a skin irritant for some.
Usually helps with
Most skin types
Watch for
Potential irritant for sensitive skin; use in moderation.
Fragrance Component
Linalool
A naturally occurring compound found in many plants, used for its floral scent. It is a common allergen.
Watch for
Potential allergen and irritant for sensitive skin.
Fragrance Component
Limonene
A naturally occurring compound found in citrus fruit peels, used for its citrus scent. It can be a skin irritant and allergen.
Watch for
Potential allergen and irritant for sensitive skin.
Formula support
Dimethicone/PEG-10/15 Crosspolymer
Included in the source ingredient list. Glass treats this as part of the supporting formula unless it overlaps with a known active, preservative, or fragrance flag.
Usually helps with
Formula completeness and routine context
Watch for
Personal sensitivity, especially if your skin is reactive or the ingredient overlaps with other products in your routine