The base liquid for the formulation.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient
Cetyl Ricinoleate
A fatty ester that helps to soften and smooth the skin.
Usually helps with
Dry skin
Emollient
Isostearyl Palmitate
Provides a smooth feel and helps to condition the skin.
Usually helps with
Dry skin
A silicone that creates a smooth, protective barrier on the skin, offering a silky feel.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can feel heavy on very oily skin
A highly effective moisturizer that mimics the skin's natural oils, providing hydration and improving suppleness.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry
An Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) that exfoliates the skin's surface, improving texture and reducing the appearance of fine lines. It's generally gentler than glycolic acid.
Usually helps with
Dullness, uneven tone, fine lines
Watch for
Can cause sensitivity or irritation, especially when first starting or combined with other actives.
A potent Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) that effectively removes dead skin cells, revealing brighter, smoother skin. It has a smaller molecular size, allowing for deeper penetration.
Usually helps with
Dullness, uneven tone, texture
Watch for
Can cause significant irritation, redness, and peeling, especially on sensitive skin or with overuse.
Emollient/Thickener
Myristyl Alcohol
A fatty alcohol that helps to thicken the product and provides emollient properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient/Solvent
Cyclopentasiloxane
A volatile silicone that provides a smooth, spreadable texture and evaporates quickly, leaving a non-greasy feel.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Some prefer to avoid silicones due to potential pore-clogging concerns, though this is debated.
pH Adjuster
Sodium Hydroxide
Used to adjust the pH of the formula, ensuring the acids are effective and the product is safe for skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be irritating in high concentrations, but is safe in small amounts for pH adjustment.
Enzyme/Antioxidant
Lactobacillus/Pumpkin Fruit Ferment Filtrate
Contains enzymes that can help with gentle exfoliation and offers antioxidant benefits.
Usually helps with
Dullness, texture
Preservative Booster/Skin Conditioning
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate
A fermented ingredient that can have antimicrobial properties and condition the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
An enzyme derived from pineapple that aids in exfoliation by breaking down dead skin cells.
Usually helps with
Dullness, texture
Watch for
Can cause irritation in sensitive individuals.
An enzyme derived from papaya that helps to gently exfoliate the skin.
Usually helps with
Dullness, texture
Watch for
Can cause irritation in sensitive individuals.
Soothing/Hydrating
Opuntia Ficus-Indica Fruit Extract
Extract from prickly pear cactus, known for its hydrating and soothing properties.
Usually helps with
Dry, sensitive skin
A common and effective humectant that draws moisture to the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Skin Conditioning
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Extract
A yeast extract that can help condition and improve the skin's appearance.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient/Film Former
Polysilicone-11
A silicone that provides a smooth feel and can help create a protective layer on the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Some prefer to avoid silicones.
Fragrance/Antimicrobial
Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil
Adds fragrance. Can be phototoxic and irritating for some skin types.
Watch for
Photosensitivity, irritation, allergic reactions.
Fragrance
Aniba Rosaeodora (Rosewood) Wood Extract
Used for its pleasant scent.
Watch for
Potential for skin sensitivity due to fragrance.
Fragrance/Antioxidant
Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil
Provides fragrance and some antioxidant properties. Can be phototoxic and irritating.
Watch for
Photosensitivity, irritation, allergic reactions.
Fragrance
Pelargonium Graveolens Flower Oil
Rose geranium oil, used for its scent.
Watch for
Potential for skin sensitivity due to fragrance.
Antioxidant
Tocopheryl Acetate
A form of Vitamin E that acts as an antioxidant to protect the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Preservative
Phenoxyethanol
A common preservative used to prevent microbial growth in cosmetic products.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can cause allergic reactions or irritation in some individuals.
Thickener/Stabilizer
Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-6
A polymer used to thicken the product and improve its texture.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Surfactant/Emulsifier
Myristyl Glucoside
A mild, plant-derived emulsifier and surfactant that helps blend oil and water.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient/Solvent
Cyclohexasiloxane
A silicone that provides a smooth feel and helps the product spread easily.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Some prefer to avoid silicones.
Emulsifier/Surfactant
PEG-40 Stearate
An emulsifier that helps to mix oil and water ingredients. Can be a skin irritant for some.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Potential for irritation or allergic reactions.
Thickener/Stabilizer
Xanthan Gum
A natural gum used to thicken and stabilize cosmetic formulations.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient/Preservative Booster
Ethylhexylglycerin
A skin-conditioning agent that also helps boost the effectiveness of preservatives.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Chelating Agent
Disodium EDTA
Helps to improve the stability and performance of the product by binding to metal ions.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Thickener/Film Former
Maltodextrin
A carbohydrate that can help thicken formulations and form a light film on the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Solvent/Denaturant
T-Butyl Alcohol
Used as a solvent and denaturant. Can be irritating.
Watch for
Potential for irritation.
A fragrance component.
Watch for
Potential for skin sensitivity and allergic reactions.
Fragrance/Solvent
Benzyl Benzoate
Used as a fragrance ingredient and solvent. Can be an irritant.
Watch for
Potential for skin sensitivity and allergic reactions.
A fragrance component.
Watch for
Potential for skin sensitivity and allergic reactions.
A fragrance component, often derived from citrus peels.
Watch for
Potential for skin sensitivity and allergic reactions.
A fragrance component.
Watch for
Potential for skin sensitivity and allergic reactions.
A fragrance component.
Watch for
Potential for skin sensitivity and allergic reactions.
Colorant
CI 75810 (Chlorophyllin-Copper Complex)
A green colorant derived from chlorophyll.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Formula support
Glyceryl Stearate
Included in the source ingredient list. Glass treats this as part of the supporting formula unless it overlaps with a known active, preservative, or fragrance flag.
Usually helps with
Formula completeness and routine context
Watch for
Personal sensitivity, especially if your skin is reactive or the ingredient overlaps with other products in your routine
Formula support
PEG-100 Stearate
Included in the source ingredient list. Glass treats this as part of the supporting formula unless it overlaps with a known active, preservative, or fragrance flag.
Usually helps with
Formula completeness and routine context
Watch for
Personal sensitivity, especially if your skin is reactive or the ingredient overlaps with other products in your routine
Formula support
Propanediol
Included in the source ingredient list. Glass treats this as part of the supporting formula unless it overlaps with a known active, preservative, or fragrance flag.
Usually helps with
Formula completeness and routine context
Watch for
Personal sensitivity, especially if your skin is reactive or the ingredient overlaps with other products in your routine