The base for most skincare formulations, dissolving ingredients and providing hydration.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
A derivative of coconut oil and glycerin, it's an excellent emollient that helps replenish the skin's surface.
Usually helps with
Dry, normal, combination skin
Watch for
Can be comedogenic for very acne-prone skin
Humectant
Pentylene Glycol
A multi-functional ingredient that acts as a humectant, preservative booster, and solvent.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be mildly irritating for some sensitive skin types
A common humectant that draws moisture to the skin, also acts as a solvent.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be irritating in high concentrations
Humectant
Methyl Gluceth-20
A derivative of corn sugar, it's a humectant that attracts and retains moisture.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Derived from coconut oil, these provide a lightweight, non-greasy feel and help condition the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially oily
Emollient
Cetearyl Alcohol
A fatty alcohol that moisturizes and softens the skin, also acts as an emulsifier.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated, but some sensitive skin may react
A fatty acid that helps to condition and soften the skin.
Usually helps with
Dry, normal skin
Watch for
Can be comedogenic for acne-prone skin
A fatty acid that helps to emulsify and stabilize the product, also has emollient properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be comedogenic for acne-prone skin
Humectant
Saccharide Isomerate
A plant-derived carbohydrate complex that binds moisture to the skin, providing long-lasting hydration.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry
A silicone that forms a protective barrier on the skin, preventing moisture loss and providing a smooth feel.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Some prefer to avoid silicones due to potential pore-clogging concerns, though it's generally considered non-irritating
Emulsifier
Glyceryl Stearate
An emulsifier derived from glycerin and stearic acid, it helps to mix oil and water and moisturize the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient
Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters
Esters derived from jojoba oil, they help to condition and soften the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Preservative
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate
A natural preservative derived from fermented radish root, it also has skin-conditioning properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Botanical Extract
Arctium Lappa Root Extract
Burdock root extract, known for its purifying and skin-conditioning properties.
Usually helps with
Oily, combination skin
Botanical Extract
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract
Lemon extract can have astringent and brightening properties, but can also be photosensitizing and irritating.
Usually helps with
Oily skin (in low concentrations)
Watch for
Photosensitivity, potential irritation
Botanical Extract
Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract
Cucumber extract is known for its hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially sensitive or irritated
Botanical Extract
Hedera Helix (Ivy) Extract
Ivy extract has soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Botanical Extract
Malva Sylvestris (Mallow) Flower Extract
Mallow extract has soothing and hydrating properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry or sensitive
Botanical Extract
Nasturtium Officinale Extract
Watercress extract, rich in antioxidants and vitamins, can help purify and revitalize the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A solvent and humectant that enhances the penetration of other ingredients and provides hydration.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be irritating in high concentrations
An emulsifier that can be derived from ethoxylation, which may leave trace amounts of 1,4-dioxane, a potential carcinogen.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Potential for contamination with 1,4-dioxane
A humectant that also has antimicrobial properties, helping to preserve the product.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be irritating for some sensitive skin types
Thickener
Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer
A synthetic polymer used to thicken formulations and improve texture.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A skin-conditioning agent that helps to soothe, protect, and moisturize the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially sensitive
Chelating Agent
Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate
A biodegradable chelating agent that helps to stabilize the formula.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient
Coco-Caprylate/Caprate
A lightweight, non-greasy emollient derived from coconut oil and caprylic acid, it conditions the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially oily
Conditioning Agent
Polyquaternium-10
A conditioning agent that can also help to thicken formulations.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Preservative
Ethylhexylglycerin
A preservative that also acts as a skin-conditioning agent.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be irritating for some sensitive skin types
Fragrance Ingredient
Triethyl Citrate
A synthetic fragrance ingredient that can be a potential allergen.
Usually helps with
All skin types (generally)
Watch for
Potential allergen for sensitive skin
A fatty acid that can act as an emulsifier and emollient.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be comedogenic for acne-prone skin
Botanical Extract
Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Extract
Bergamot extract can be photosensitizing and a potential allergen due to furanocoumarins.
Usually helps with
Oily skin (in low concentrations)
Watch for
Photosensitivity, potential allergen
Botanical Extract
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Extract
Lemon peel extract can have astringent and brightening properties, but can also be photosensitizing and irritating.
Usually helps with
Oily skin (in low concentrations)
Watch for
Photosensitivity, potential irritation
Botanical Extract
Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract
Lavender extract can be a potential allergen and irritant for some individuals.
Usually helps with
All skin types (generally)
Watch for
Potential allergen, irritant for sensitive skin
Botanical Extract
Lavandula Hybrida Flower Extract
A hybrid lavender extract, similar to lavender, it can be a potential allergen and irritant.
Usually helps with
All skin types (generally)
Watch for
Potential allergen, irritant for sensitive skin
An alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) used to adjust pH. In higher concentrations, it can exfoliate but may also cause irritation.
Usually helps with
All skin types (in low concentrations)
Watch for
Irritation, redness, photosensitivity in higher concentrations
pH Adjuster
Sodium Citrate
A salt of citric acid used to adjust pH and as a chelating agent.
Usually helps with
All skin types
pH Adjuster
Sodium Hydroxide
A strong alkali used to adjust pH. In high concentrations, it can be corrosive and irritating.
Usually helps with
All skin types (in very low concentrations)
Watch for
Irritation, burns in high concentrations
pH Adjuster
Aminomethyl Propanol
A pH adjuster that can be irritating in higher concentrations.
Usually helps with
All skin types (in low concentrations)
Watch for
Potential irritation
Fragrance Ingredient
Citral
A naturally occurring aldehyde found in citrus oils, it's a potential allergen and irritant.
Usually helps with
All skin types (generally)
Watch for
Potential allergen, irritant for sensitive skin
Fragrance Ingredient
Linalool
A naturally occurring terpene alcohol found in many flowers and spices, it's a common allergen and irritant.
Usually helps with
All skin types (generally)
Watch for
Potential allergen, irritant for sensitive skin
Fragrance Ingredient
Limonene
A cyclic terpene found in citrus fruit peels, it's a common allergen and irritant.
Usually helps with
All skin types (generally)
Watch for
Potential allergen, irritant for sensitive skin