The base of the formulation.
Usually helps with
Hydration
A Polyhydroxy Acid (PHA) that offers gentle exfoliation and humectant properties. It's less irritating than AHAs and can help improve skin barrier function.
Usually helps with
Exfoliation, hydration, sensitive skin
Watch for
Minimal irritation
An Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) that effectively exfoliates the skin, promoting cell turnover and improving texture and pore appearance. Can be irritating for some.
Usually helps with
Exfoliation, texture, pores
Watch for
Potential irritation, redness, sun sensitivity
A common and effective humectant that draws moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated.
Usually helps with
Hydration
pH Adjuster
Sodium Hydroxide
Used to adjust the pH of the formula to ensure optimal performance and stability of other ingredients.
Usually helps with
Formulation stability
Surfactant
PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil
An emulsifier and solubilizer that helps to blend oil and water components and can contribute to the foaming action.
Usually helps with
Emulsification
Watch for
Potential for pore-clogging in sensitive individuals
An Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) derived from citrus fruits. It helps to exfoliate the skin, brighten tone, and can act as an antioxidant.
Usually helps with
Exfoliation, brightening, tone
Watch for
Potential irritation, sun sensitivity
Preservative
1,2-Hexanediol
A solvent and preservative booster that also has humectant properties.
Usually helps with
Preservation, hydration
A humectant that helps to draw moisture into the skin and improve product texture.
Usually helps with
Hydration, texture
Preservative
Chlorphenesin
A preservative used to prevent microbial growth in cosmetic products.
Usually helps with
Preservation
Watch for
Rare allergic reactions
Surfactant
Decyl Glucoside
A mild, plant-derived surfactant that contributes to the foaming properties of the toner.
Usually helps with
Cleansing, foaming
A component of chamomile, known for its anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.
Usually helps with
Soothing, calming
Cooling Agent
Menthoxypropanediol
A synthetic cooling agent that provides a refreshing sensation without the strong scent or potential irritation of menthol.
Usually helps with
Cooling sensation
Watch for
Can be irritating for very sensitive skin
pH Adjuster
Sodium Citrate
A salt of citric acid used to adjust the pH of the formulation.
Usually helps with
Formulation stability
Humectant
Pentylene Glycol
A humectant and preservative booster that helps to improve skin hydration.
Usually helps with
Hydration
Skin Conditioning
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract
Contains natural AHAs and antioxidants. Known for its astringent properties that can help visibly tighten pores.
Usually helps with
Pores, brightening
Watch for
Photosensitivity, potential irritation
Skin Conditioning
Sphingolipids
Lipids naturally found in the skin barrier. They help to strengthen and maintain the skin's barrier function.
Usually helps with
Barrier support
Skin Conditioning
Sphingomonas Ferment Extract
A fermented extract that can help to improve skin texture and hydration.
Usually helps with
Hydration, texture
Skin Conditioning
Citrus Junos Fruit Extract
Also known as Yuzu extract, it is rich in antioxidants and can help to brighten and smooth the skin.
Usually helps with
Brightening, smoothing